The advantage of additive Manufacturing (AM) (e.g. reasonable time and expense in prototyping, and reliable product) has triggered the idea of using this method in Manufacturing of marine vessels components. The current article tries to introduce basic concepts of AM method and its application in marine Industry; have a glance at additive-manufactured parts microstructure; elaborate the challenges in investigation of mechanical properties of AM products; in order to makes this technology more known to domestic Industry.

The main purpose of this paper is to present methods and recent development in the literature of intra Industry trade (IIT) measuring. The case study also is carried out for Iranian Manufacturing industries during time period 1997-2003. For this, Iran's foreign trade data was collected, processed, and then used to estimate IIT indices with respect to recent literature developments in IIT measuring. Based on theoretical literature, Weighted Grubel and Loyd index and Fontagn'e & Freudenberg Trade types index are the most important static IIT indices. Furthermore, Briilhart index and Azhar & Elliott index are the most important dynamic IIT indices. Empirical results indicate low but increasing IIT in Manufacturing industries of Iran. Furthermore, an important part of this IIT is devoted to Vertical Intra Industry (VIIT). Marginal IIT of Iran's Manufacturing industries also is low but overwhelming. In other words, Iran's foreign trade change is mainly due to inter-Industry trade. Thus, it seems that currently Iran's foreign trade is mainly based on comparative advantage. Generally speaking, this study is important due to increasing IIT studies and IIT importance for developing non oil exports for Iran.

The productivity and flexibility of current Manufacturing systems (dedicated and flexible production systems) are no longer competitive as products are developed and brought to market in increasingly shorter cycles. As a result, a new generation of reconfigurable Manufacturing systems (RMS) has emerged that should be responsive enough to cope with sudden market changes while maintaining excellent product quality at low prices. These systems could also leverage technologies at the heart of Industry 4.0, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, the Internet of Things (IoT), and digital twins, to create a smart, dynamic, and most importantly, reconfigurable factory, dubbed the Reconfigurable Factory 4.0. This study provides an organized and up-to-date systematic review of the literature on reconfigurable Manufacturing systems, from design to simulation, and from automation to the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) highlighting the application areas as well as the significant approaches and technologies that have contributed to the development of a Reconfigurable Factory 4.0.

Purpose: The future of the construction Industry is increasingly influenced by new technologies. In order to adopt appropriate strategies in facing new technologies, it is necessary to know the possible futures of the construction Industry. This research was done with the aim of explaining the technological uncertainties and compiling the future scenarios of the construction Industry.  Method: The research method is applied and was carried out with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. First, the library study was used to determine the technological drivers, then the Structural Analysis was used to explain the technological uncertainties, and finally, the Schwartz method was used to compile the scenarios. The statistical population is experts of construction Industry. Findings: Nine technological uncertainties affecting the future of the construction Industry have been identified and for each of them, three states of decline, stagnation and progress have been considered. Data analysis by Scenario Wizard shows eight probable scenarios. The portfolio of scenarios including four groups of progress scenarios, towards progress, towards stagnation, and towards wane has been compiled. Conclusion: In the progress scenario, the 89% of uncertainties have developed. In  towards progress, 56% of the factors are in the development status, which indicates the development of the technological factor application. In the stagnation scenario, no progress has been made in the application of uncertainties and they are in a static state. In towards wane, uncertainties have been placed in a situation of reduced use.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Leadership styles will have different effects on company performance, so many literatures in China study the relationship between leadership styles and company performance in Manufacturing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between leadership styles and company performance in Chinese Manufacturing. As a result of ineffective management in leading employees, China is currently experiencing poor financial and marketing performance, which has resulted in poor business operations and lower productivity, both of which have a direct impact on the company’, s performance in China’, s Manufacturing Industry. METHODS: This study adopts quantitative research method to collect data of factors affecting company performance through questionnaires, the sampling technique is snowball sampling. A total of 450 questionnaires were sent out to the respondents, and a total of 384 questionnaires were returned. Among them, 290 questionnaires were usable. A preliminary study was conducted to ensure that the adjusted questionnaire items were appropriate and valid for the study. In actual data collection, 290 responses were successfully collected in this study, with a response rate of 65%. The SPSS software was utilized to analyze the data in this study. FINDINGS: Based on the quantitative data analysis, the findings found that dictatorial leadership style paternalistic leadership style, autocratic leadership style, and laissezfaire leadership style insignificantly correlated with company performance in China. Democratic leadership style significantly correlated with company performance in China. Further, research findings have been discussed in the discussion of results. CONCLUSION: These findings may provide the purpose of this study that characterize company performance, confirm leadership style in the Chinese Manufacturing sector, and apply performance theory to further analyze the effect of leadership style. The Tannenbaum and Schmidt leadership styles should suggest that leadership behaviour varies along a continuum, with a level of follower participation and involvement in decision-making growing as leaders move away from the authoritarian extreme.

Manufacturing strategy in the simplest definition means configuring Manufacturing decisions tailored to the company's competitive priorities. Therefore, the first step in developing a Manufacturing strategy is to properly recognize all Manufacturing decision areas, In addition, in each decision, there are several alternatives for companies, and the choice of different alternatives together forms the configuration of the Manufacturing unit. These decisions need to be customized for each Industry because the nature of production in each Industry is different. This research aims to do this in the Iranian chemical pharmaceutical Industry. First, a comprehensive list of Manufacturing decisions and alternatives was obtained by studying the research literature, and then more than 25 interviews were conducted with experts in the Industry based on it. The interviews were analyzed using Qualitative Content Analysis method. The results showed that due to strict legal requirements in drug production and the specific type of drug sales in the Iranian market, companies in most decision areas, do not differ much from each other and the options available to them are limited. Therefore, the main difference between the manufacturers of chemical drugs in Iran is due to the difference in decision-making in the areas of Human Resource Management and Quality Management; and these two areas have a significant impact on the competitive position of companies. Also, cooperation with foreign leading companies in the field of process design, obtaining formulation and supply of raw materials has a great impact on the competitive position of companies in this Industry in Iran.

This paper aims at investigating the effect of minimum wage on employment composition among Iran's Manufacturing industries, using a microeconomic model which has been estimated by GLS and panel data collected from 1375 to 1384. Estimations show that an increase in minimum wage statistically has significant effect on the unskilled employment, and the employment rate of unskilled workers increases when the minimum wage is increased. An important implication of this research is that government requires reconsidering the criteria used for determining the minimum wage in Iran in order to diminish the imbalance in the current labor market. Economic development and level of productivity should be considered as two important criteria of determining the minimum wage.